- Potential of Gold Nanoparticle in Current Radiotherapy Using a Co-Culture Model of Cancer Cells and Cancer Associated Fibroblast Cellsby Abdulaziz Alhussan on 2022-07-27
Many cancer therapeutics are tested in vitro using only tumour cells. However, the tumour promoting effect of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the tumour microenvironment (TME) is thought to reduce cancer therapeutics' efficacy. We have chosen pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as our tumor model. Our goal is to create a co-culture of CAFs and tumour cells to model the interaction between cancer and stromal cells in the TME and allow for better testing of therapeutic...
- Whole-genome and transcriptome analysis enhances precision cancer treatment optionsby E Pleasance on 2022-06-12
CONCLUSIONS: Integrating RNA expression and genome data illuminated treatment options that resulted in 46% of treated patients experiencing positive clinical benefit, supporting the use of comprehensive WGTA profiling in clinical cancer care.
- Recommendations for standardizing biopsy acquisition and histological assessment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitisby Christopher Ma on 2022-03-17
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis (ICIC) affects approximately 15% of cancer patients treated with immunotherapy. Although histological evaluation is potentially valuable for both the diagnosis of ICIC and evaluation of disease activity, use in clinical practice is heterogeneous. We aimed to develop expert recommendations to standardize histological assessment of disease activity in patients with ICIC. Using the modified Research and Development/University of California Los Angeles...
- The impact of whole genome and transcriptome analysis (WGTA) on predictive biomarker discovery and diagnostic accuracy of advanced malignanciesby Basile Tessier-Cloutier on 2022-03-08
In this study, we evaluate the impact of whole genome and transcriptome analysis (WGTA) on predictive molecular profiling and histologic diagnosis in a cohort of advanced malignancies. WGTA was used to generate reports including molecular alterations and site/tissue of origin prediction. Two reviewers analyzed genomic reports, clinical history, and tumor pathology. We used National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) consensus guidelines, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals, and...
- Effects of hyperinsulinemia on pancreatic cancer development and the immune microenvironment revealed through single-cell transcriptomicsby Anni M Y Zhang on 2022-02-22
CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest a potential role for the immune microenvironment in hyperinsulinemia-driven PanIN development. Together with our previous work, we propose that mild suppression of insulin levels may be useful in preventing pancreatic cancer by acting on multiple cell types.
- Percutaneous delivery of self-propelling hemostatic powder for managing non-compressible abdominal hemorrhage: a proof-of-concept study in swineby Massimo F Cau on 2022-01-24
CONCLUSIONS: This demonstrates proof-of-concept for use of a new minimally invasive procedure for managing NCIAH, which could extend survival time to enable patients to reach definitive surgical care.
- Responsiveness of a Histologic Scoring System Compared With Peak Eosinophil Count in Eosinophilic Esophagitisby Christopher Ma on 2021-11-19
INTRODUCTION: The optimal instrument for assessing histologic disease activity in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is unclear. We assessed the responsiveness of the EoE Histologic Scoring System (EoE-HSS) when compared with that of the peak eosinophil count (PEC).
- Advancing the Care of Pancreatic Cancer Patients: Moving Beyond Just Tumour Tissueby Steve E Kalloger on 2021-10-18
Biobanking efforts, to establish and grow the pool of available tissue from which evidence on aetiology, therapeutic susceptibility and prognosis of various diseases, have been underway for decades. This is illustrated nowhere better than in cancer. High incidence cancers such as breast, colorectal and lung have seen massive increases in their requisite formularies that have yielded improved prognoses. These discoveries, on a very fundamental level, were made by scientists who had access to...
- Proteotranscriptomic classification and characterization of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasmsby Kevin C Yang on 2021-10-13
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are biologically and clinically heterogeneous. Here, we use a multi-omics approach to uncover the molecular factors underlying this heterogeneity. Transcriptomic analysis of 84 PNEN specimens, drawn from two cohorts, is substantiated with proteomic profiling and identifies four subgroups: Proliferative, PDX1-high, Alpha cell-like and Stromal/Mesenchymal. The Proliferative subgroup, consisting of both well- and poorly differentiated specimens, is...
- Genome-wide synthetic lethal screen unveils novel CAIX-NFS1/xCT axis as a targetable vulnerability in hypoxic solid tumorsby Shawn C Chafe on 2021-08-28
The metabolic mechanisms involved in the survival of tumor cells within the hypoxic niche remain unclear. We carried out a synthetic lethal CRISPR screen to identify survival mechanisms governed by the tumor hypoxia-induced pH regulator carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). We identified a redox homeostasis network containing the iron-sulfur cluster enzyme, NFS1. Depletion of NFS1 or blocking cyst(e)ine availability by inhibiting xCT, while targeting CAIX, enhanced ferroptosis and significantly...
- Dataset for the reporting of carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas: recommendations from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR)by Caroline Verbeke on 2021-08-11
CONCLUSIONS: This first international dataset for cancer of the exocrine pancreas is intended to promote high-quality, standardised pathology reporting. Its widespread adoption will improve the consistency of reporting, facilitate multidisciplinary communication, and enhance the comparability of data, all of which will help to improve the management of pancreatic cancer patients.
- Clinical and cost outcomes following genomics-informed treatment for advanced cancersby Deirdre Weymann on 2021-06-21
CONCLUSIONS: Genomics-informed treatment had a statistically significant effect on TTD compared to standard care treatment, but at increased treatment costs. Within-cohort evidence generated through this single-arm study informs the early-stage comparative effectiveness of precision oncology.
- Investigation of Nano-Bio Interactions within a Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment for the Advancement of Nanomedicine in Cancer Treatmentby Abdulaziz Alhussan on 2021-06-02
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer, with a five-year survival rate of only 10%. Nanotechnology offers a novel perspective to treat such deadly cancers through their incorporation into radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with cancer cells and with other major cell types within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment (TME) is yet to be understood. Therefore, our goal is to shed light on the dynamics of NPs within a TME of pancreatic...
- Modelling hereditary diffuse gastric cancer initiation using transgenic mouse-derived gastric organoids and single-cell sequencingby Katherine Dixon on 2021-04-02
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a cancer syndrome caused by germline variants in CDH1, the gene encoding the cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin. Loss of E-cadherin in cancer is associated with cellular dedifferentiation and poor prognosis, but the mechanisms through which CDH1 loss initiates HDGC are not known. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we explored the transcriptional landscape of a murine organoid model of HDGC to characterize the impact of CDH1 loss in early...
- Serrated Lesion Detection in a Population-based Colon Screening Programby Jenny E Chu on 2021-03-29
CONCLUSIONS: Serrated lesions often occur in conjunction with conventional adenomas and are associated with lower FIT values. Knowledge of the characteristics of SSPs is essential for pathologists to ensure accurate diagnosis of SSPs.